An overview of Autism in children

 Autism: An Overview of Autism in Children  



What is Autism?

     Autism spectrum disorder is defined as a lifelong deficiency in the early stage of development that is manifested in deficiencies in social communication and interaction, limited, repetitive behavior patterns, obsessions and  interest or activities ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013).


Historical and contemporary overview

An American Psychiatrist by the name of Leo Kanner identified autism in 1943. The symptoms that were displayed by the children with autism during  that era were thought to be caused by lack of affection from the mother. Historically, Autism Spectrum Disorder was called childhood schizophrenia, infantile psychosis and infantile autism. During the 1980’s, there was an update to the DSMIII which lead researchers to second guess their previous hypothesis about autism. They no longer looked at autism from a psychodynamic perspective , but a biological perspective. The target population for autism spectrum disorder are children. Some can be diagnosed by 18 months old.  It is reported to occur in all racial, ethic, and socioeconomic groups (CDC,2020). According to Mayo Clinic (2018), autism spectrum disorder begins during early child hood and causes problems during adulthood. Normally signs of autism can be noticed by age 2.  Autism can affect a child's ability to initiate conversations with others. Their social skills are impaired and they are often isolated from others. Children with autism act out repetitive patterns of behavior and temper tantrums.  A child’s cognitive function is affected by autism sometimes causing the child to have limited speech or vocabulary (Lally-Valentine-French, 2019). In recent data, it is estimated that 1 an 59 children in the United States has autism, and the disorder is four times as common in boys than it is in girls. There is no cure for autism, but there are helpful treatments of cognitive, music,  



                                                  


                                         https://policylab.us/clinical-trials/autism/

                        


  Stereotype or stereotypical thinking

     The diagnosis of autism was uncommon over forty years ago and children were being diagnosed as " mentally retarded". If the case was sever, they would institutionalize or keep the child at home (Astours, Lowton, Manthrope, Glaser). Some people believed that autism was caused by poor parenting (Wolff,2004). Autism awareness has increased over time. There is inclusion, improved identification, different research methods and increases in service availability may account for increasing diagnosis of autism in children (aird et al., 2006: Fombonne, 2003;Johnny l 4 Matson & Kozlowki, 2011). There has been progress in knowledge and therapeutic interventions. 


Cultural Perceptions

It is reported to occur in all racial, ethic, and socioeconomic groups (CDC,2020); however, in previous years it was mainly identify in Anglo decent and many Latin countries.


 




  Resources                                       

Astous, V. D., Manthorpe, J., Lowon, K., & Glaser, K. (n.d.). Retracing the historical social 

care context of autism: A ... Retrieved January 22, 2021, from 

https://core.ac.uk/display/96830895

Wolff, S. (2021, January 21). ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: The history of autism. Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00787-004-0363-5.pdf

Lally, M., & Valentine-French, S. (2019). Lifespan development: A psychological perspective (2nd ed.). Illinois: College of Lake County.



Comments

  1. NicholeJanuary 22, 2021 at 12:01 PM

    I found additional information about the importance of autism awareness. The reason people need to be well informed about autism spectrum disorder is because those with children who are on the autism spectrum may experience significant financial and mental burden and if they are not informed properly, they have a great risk of a misdiagnosis, which makes it more difficult for their child as well as causing resistance to therapy (Anwar, Tahir, Nusrat & Khan, 2018). When a child is diagnosed earlier in life, it will help the parents to get a treatment plan in place, which in turn, will release some stress (Anwar, Tahir, Nusrat & Khan, 2018). Often times, there is a great chance of a misdiagnosis if there is a lack of awareness of the signs those with autism spectrum disorder experience (Anwar, Tahir, Nusrat & Khan, 2018). This applies to all. but significantly to the parents as they are the ones who first observe any unusual behaviors (Anwar, Tahir, Nusrat & Khan, 2018).

    References

    Anwar, M. S., Tahir, M., Nusrat, K., & Khan, M. R. (2018). Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Regarding Autism Among Parents in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus, 10(9), e3299.

    ReplyDelete

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